For
British leisure and those things it fosters (music, fashion, advertising,
concepts of "youth"), the 1990s have been explosive. Following a
renaissance of the club and the dancefloor came mass rave culture
and the 'E Generation' - named not merely for the drug known as
Ecstasy, but for their fresh and pan-European focus.
What
began with kids on cheap package holidays has entirely re-drawn
the map of youthful leisure. It now leads from the West End to Eastern
Europe, from the beaches of Jamaica to Berlin's Love Parade. Its
celebrates many different sorts of star, from DJs like Sven Väth
to ensembles like The Orb; from figures like musician Bally Sagoo
to footballer Eric Cantona. What their ascent can reveal to culture
pundits is a watershed change in communications.
For
decades, pop and style have been global and multinational. But they
are now linked around the world by something else: digitization,
or content reduced to bytes. Existing industry structures continue
to favour packages - hence the success of Oasis and the Spice Girls.
But most industries are learning from digital change. It sends UK
newspapers around the world on the Web; it makes superstars out
of suburban DJs.
In
1994, the critic Hugh Gallagher wrote, "There are different DJs
for every music style - techno, acid, jazz, hip-hop, ambient - but
all of them are essentially doing the same thing: manipulating information.
Recorded music is stored information and the best DJ has the best
information."
"In
a world where information plus technology equals power, those who
control the editing rooms run the show. DJs are editors of the street,
using technology to structure an alternate sonic reality. They are
the first musicians to turn a medium into an instrument - a natural
step for a society that spends increasing time interfacing with
communications technology."
In
the '90s, "interfacing with communications technology" means more
than capturing your 21st on a camcorder. It means using automatic
cash dispensers, passing through electronic Tube barriers and -
for a growing number of young Britons - communicating with the world
via satellite, e-mail and the World Wide Web.
It
also means learning how these things have changed your neighbours.
Journalist Gavin Hills once told me, "My first visit to Sarajevo
seemed to like going to Peckham. Everyone was just smoking dope
and talking about the football. Plus, they all had bloody great
attack dogs. I was more afraid of those dogs than the snipers."
There are also DJs spinning in Bosnia, just as there are nightclubs
and bands with 'punkish' names such as "Fuck Off". Most of them
know the sound they want to imitate. But it's not Oasis; it's Seattle's
Nirvana.
In
many ways, digital progress and its changes have emanated from the
United States more than elsewhere. Certainly, rapacious US conglomerates
- from Time-Warner to Disney, Microsoft to MCI - are aiming to conquer
Europe. But the tools of digital revolution are unusual, in that
they empower more than they limit.
Thus,
the "social imperialism" Europeans have loathed for years is beginning,
albeit slowly, to change. England, long a depthless fount of style
and image, has discovered these assets can be very valuable exports.
In the '90s, there are even different role models. John Galliano
and "Lee" McQueen rule Paris; Kate Moss and Naomi Campbell have
become icons. So, in different ways, have musician Goldie, actor
Ewan McGregor, even Prime Minister Tony Blair.
The
music for Hollywood's "MTV-era" Romeo & Juliet came from
Nellee Hooper, once of Soul II Soul. The cult movie of 1995 - the
decade's half-point - was Trainspotting, a double-edged tale
of down-and-out Scottish junkies. The '90s fashion editor of America's
Vibe magazine is Derrick Procopé, once a window-dresser
for London's Woodhouse chain.
Young
Britons now clearly feel more "in the world"; part of a single scene
which moves from Seattle to Spain, from Amsterdam to Manhattan's
Amsterdam Avenue. Yet they are proud (and aware) of what it means
to be British. In this respect, many are far ahead of their elders.
This
book traces a few paths by which some Britons got there. It mentions
some antecedents, and tells a few stories which happened as the
1990s flowered.
More
importantly, it aims to listen - as separate kinds of talents tell
their histories and detail their strategies. Whether they are making
fashion or furniture, political statements or pop records, all have
something in common: a special brand of imagination. It is one which
fuses style and music with pragmatism, hard work and attitude.
It
is a wonderful and very British quality. In the years to come, I
hope it continues to flourish.
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